Student: Sir?
President Bartlett: Yeah
Student: Do you consider yourself a man of principle?
President Bartlett: I try to be
Student: Well... Don't you consider, I mean I know they're our enemy, but don't you consider there's something noble about being a martyr?
President Bartlett: A martyr would rather suffer death at the hands of an oppressor than renounce his beliefs. Killing yourself and innocent people to make a point is sick, twisted, brutal, dumb-ass murder.
I recently rewatched the West Wing episode produced just after the September 11 attacks in 2001. The episode is called Isaac and Ishmael. This scene, where a student quizzes President Bartlett on martyrdom, has really got me thinking. What does it mean to be a martyr? What is the 'proper' context in which to die for your faith? Is President Bartlett right?
Last year I went to a talk by Bishop Josiah A. Idowu-Fearon who was visiting Australia at the time. Bishop Fearon oversees the Diocese of Kanduna in Nigeria. It straddles the middle of country, the very volatile part where the predominantly Muslim north meets the predominately Christian South. It's a dangerous place. Religious tensions are mixed up with political and economic power, and are regularly expressed with violent physical attacks.
Speaking to a small audience of mainly Christian workers in Australia last year, Josiah Fearon talked about the difficulties of leading the church in a climate like this. Not only does the church feel threatened by reactive Muslims, but many members of the church believe that it is their duty to defend the honour of the church through avenging other injured Christians or even attacking Muslims who slander the church. Fearon clearly articulated his own stance: Christians follow a crucified Lord, who was insulted, oppressed, persecuted and killed. He told his followers to turn the other cheek and warned his followers that they would be abused just like him. Christians who feel like they must defend the honour of their religion through further violence, or even avenge the injury or death of family, are not following Jesus as they do these things.
Josiah Fearon's attitudes have made him the target of a few assassination attempts, not just by Muslim extremists but also by Christian extremists who think he is too soft in his approach. But I don't think he is being soft. I think it would much harder to take persecution 'lying down' than fighting back.
Although they speak about slightly different things, I'm inclined to think that Josiah Fearon would agree with Jed Bartlett on martyrdom, and Jed Bartlett would agree with Josiah Fearon on persecution (even though Jed Bartlett is fictional...). Martyrs die for their faith, but they don't kill innocent people. Persecution means enduring suffering and humiliation without ever seeking revenge, and Christians must never initiate violence.
Do you think this is the correct way to view things? Issues of violent persecution and martyrdom don't really come up in contemporary Australian society, but they definitely do right now in other places of the world. This week, 13 people were killed in a religious attack on a village outside Jos, one of the larger towns in Josiah Fearon's diocese. Most of them were women and children. Is it fair to say that the church should sit by and watch people get abused and killed? If you were a Christian leader, how would you seek justice if your local community was governed by sharia law? Would you take justice into your own hands?
Repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honourable in the sight of all.If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all. Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written: "'vengeance is mine, I will repay', says the Lord". To the contrary, "if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give hims something to drink; for by doing so you will heap burning coals on his head". Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.
Romans 12:17-21
P.S. Did anyone notice that Josiah Fearon and Jed Bartlett have the same first name?
UPDATE from Matt: Last year at CMS I was involved in interviewing Josiah Fearon. You can watch the interview here.
4 comments:
Thanks for the post Alison. The situation in Nigeria is pretty horrible, and I imagine Rom 12 is a pretty hard pill to swallow. Being of Irish descent I have a natural inclination to rebellion so I really appreciate your thoughts.
Volf's 'Exclusion and Embrace' has stacks to say on this, have you read it?
Thanks Alison, great post. I second the recommendation of Exclusion and Embrace and also recommend Michael Jensen's PhD thesis on martyrdom, which he recently completed at Oxford, in which this issue was explicitly addressed.
Like many western Christians, my knowledge of violent persecution is second or third hand. However, one point I would make: Christian witness (which is where we get the word 'martyr', which means witness) is a confession of, a pointing towards, the truth. Violent acts of vengeance are not (simply) wrong because violence is wrong, but because they do not speak the truth about God. But this also means that taking persecution 'lying down', sitting by and merely watching wrongdoing also fails to witness to the truth. There is a third option between passive quietism and violent vengeance, which is creative, loving, peaceful/peaceseeking resistance, an ongoing witness to the truth of the crucified Messiah, who did not take persecution lying down, but had to be nailed up to get him to stop loving and proclaiming the kingdom. There are ways of seeking provisional justice even under sharia law (just as there are ways of seeking provisional justice under common law), and these can be pursued insofar as they might bear (partial and provisional) witness to the justice of God, while continuing the proclamation of the reign of God through word and deed.
Well said, Byron.
Which is why, at least initially, I think the Crusades were justifable.
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